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㽶ƵֱBig Sam㽶Ƶֱ: Paleontologists unearth giant skull of Pachyrhinosaurus in Alberta

Dense bonebed revealing treasure trove 450 kilometres northwest of Edmonton
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Paleontologists prepare a large dinosaur skull for excavation in northern Alberta on Wednesday, Sept. 25, 2024. THE CANADIAN PRESS/HO-Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum

It㽶Ƶֱs a dinosaur that roamed Alberta㽶Ƶֱs badlands more than 70 million years ago, sporting a big, bumpy, bony head the size of a baby elephant.

On Wednesday, paleontologists near Grande Prairie pulled its 272-kilogram skull from the ground.

They call it 㽶ƵֱBig Sam.㽶Ƶֱ

The adult Pachyrhinosaurus is the second plant-eating dinosaur to be unearthed from a dense bonebed belonging to a herd that died together on the edge of a valley that now sits 450 kilometres northwest of Edmonton.

It didn㽶Ƶֱt die alone.

㽶ƵֱWe have hundreds of juvenile bones in the bonebed, so we know that there are many babies and some adults among all of the big adults,㽶Ƶֱ Emily Bamforth, a paleontologist with the nearby Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, said in an interview on the way to the dig site.

She described the horned Pachyrhinosaurus as 㽶Ƶֱthe smaller, older cousin of the triceratops.㽶Ƶֱ

㽶ƵֱThis species of dinosaur is endemic to the Grand Prairie area, so it㽶Ƶֱs found here and nowhere else in the world. They are 㽶Ƶֱ kind of about the size of an Indian elephant and a rhino,㽶Ƶֱ she added.

The head alone, she said, is about the size of a baby elephant.

The discovery was a long time coming.

The bonebed was first discovered by a high school teacher out for a walk about 50 years ago. It took the teacher a decade to get anyone from southern Alberta to come to take a look.

㽶ƵֱAt the time, sort of in the 㽶Ƶֱ70s and 㽶Ƶֱ80s, paleontology in northern Alberta was virtually unknown,㽶Ƶֱ said Bamforth.

When paleontogists eventually got to the site, Bamforth said, they learned 㽶Ƶֱit㽶Ƶֱs actually one of the densest dinosaur bonebeds in North America.㽶Ƶֱ

㽶ƵֱIt contains about 100 to 300 bones per square metre,㽶Ƶֱ she said.

Paleontologists have been at the site sporadically ever since, combing through bones belonging to turtles, dinosaurs and lizards. Sixteen years ago, they discovered a large skull of an approximately 30-year-old Pachyrhinosaurus, which is now at the museum.

About a year ago, they found the second adult: Big Sam.

Bamforth said both dinosaurs are believed to have been the elders in the herd.

㽶ƵֱTheir distinguishing feature is that, instead of having a horn on their nose like a triceratops, they had this big, bony bump called a boss. And they have big, bony bumps over their eyes as well,㽶Ƶֱ she said.

㽶ƵֱIt makes them look a little strange. It㽶Ƶֱs the one dinosaur that if you find it, it㽶Ƶֱs the only possible thing it can be.㽶Ƶֱ

The genders of the two adults are unknown.

Bamforth said the extraction was difficult because Big Sam was intertwined in a cluster of about 300 other bones.

The skull was found upside down, 㽶Ƶֱas if the animal was lying on its back,㽶Ƶֱ but was well preserved, she said.

She said the excavation process involved putting plaster on the skull and wooden planks around if for stability. From there, it was lifted out 㽶Ƶֱ very carefully 㽶Ƶֱ with a crane, and was to be shipped on a trolley to the museum for study.

㽶ƵֱI have extracted skulls in the past. This is probably the biggest one I㽶Ƶֱve ever done though,㽶Ƶֱ said Bamforth.

㽶ƵֱIt㽶Ƶֱs pretty exciting.㽶Ƶֱ





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