A B.C. Supreme Court judge has awarded a group of Surrey residents ordinary costs for court proceedings in their 2022 court fight against the City of Surrey over the constitutionality of its signs bylaw, but he declined to grant the petitioners㽶Ƶֱ application for special costs.
㽶ƵֱI am simply not persuaded that this dispute transcended partisan politics and personal animus or that it was not possible to pursue the litigation with private funding,㽶Ƶֱ Justice Nigel Kent concluded.
㽶ƵֱPrincipally,㽶Ƶֱ he decided, 㽶Ƶֱthis is not a truly 㽶Ƶֱexceptional㽶Ƶֱ matter of public interest.㽶Ƶֱ
Kent rendered his decision in Vancouver on Oct. 20, related to Kaps v. Surrey (City). The petitioners were Annie Kaps, Debi Johnstone, Colin Pronger, Ivan Scott, Merle Scott, and Linda Ypenburg, all members of Keep the RCMP in Surrey.
The six residents in 2022 challenged the constitutionality of amendments to a City of Surrey bylaw which were approved in 2021, arguing they prohibited displaying political signs on private property.
Following the trial in Vancouver in 2022, Kent ordered the city to amend the 㽶Ƶֱpoorly drafted㽶Ƶֱ amendments to the bylaw to eliminate ambiguity which he found arose from the definition of a political sign extending past city, provincial or federal elections 㽶Ƶֱto also include political 㽶Ƶֱissues㽶Ƶֱ generally,㽶Ƶֱ with the result of capturing signage related to such things as 㽶ƵֱKeep the RCMP in Surrey㽶Ƶֱ, 㽶ƵֱSave the Whales㽶Ƶֱ, 㽶ƵֱStop Logging Old Growth Forests㽶Ƶֱ, 㽶ƵֱGet Vaccinated㽶Ƶֱ and the like.
During the trial lawyer Kevin Smith, representing the plaintiffs, argued that the bylaw as amended on Oct. 18, 2021 presented an unconstitutional infringement on the petitioners㽶Ƶֱ freedom of expression under Canada㽶Ƶֱs Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Smith argued that the mayor at the time 㽶Ƶֱ Doug McCallum 㽶Ƶֱ and his supporters aimed to 㽶Ƶֱsilence the opposition of the petitioners.㽶Ƶֱ
Matthew Voell, the lawyer representing the City of Surrey, argued during the 2022 trial that the contentious bylaw amendments were driven by city staff recommendations, and 㽶Ƶֱnot driven by animus, by council, by the mayor.㽶Ƶֱ
㽶ƵֱThere was no improper purpose there,㽶Ƶֱ Voell argued. 㽶ƵֱThe petition should be dismissed. The petitioners appear to want change in the city 㽶Ƶֱ they can effect change at the ballot box.㽶Ƶֱ
At trial, the petitioners sought a declaration from Kent that the amendments were inconsistent with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and that they be declared of no legal force or effect or be quashed altogether.
㽶ƵֱI deny the substantive relief that the petitioners seek,㽶Ƶֱ Kent declared at the end of that trial. 㽶ƵֱHowever, I agree that the amendments were poorly drafted and that clarity of ambiguity is required. Accordingly, I grant interim relief and direct Surrey city council to further amend the Surrey Sign Bylaw to clarify its intended effect and to eliminate the said ambiguity.㽶Ƶֱ
Kent noted in his subsequent related to awarding costs that the Supreme Court of Canada decided special costs should be awarded in the context of public interest only when certain conditions are met.
㽶ƵֱFirst, the case must involve matters of public interest that are truly exceptional. It is not enough that the issues raised have not previously been resolved or that they transcend the individual interests of the successful litigant: they must also have a significant and widespread societal impact,㽶Ƶֱ the judge noted.
㽶ƵֱSecond, in addition to showing that they have no personal, proprietary or pecuniary interest in the litigation that would justify the proceedings on economic grounds, the plaintiffs must show that it would not have been possible to effectively pursue the litigation in question with private funding. In those rare cases, it will be contrary to the interests of justice to ask the individual litigants (or, more likely, pro bono counsel) to bear the majority of the financial burden associated with pursuing the claim,㽶Ƶֱ he added.
Kent said he found no basis in which the City of Surrey㽶Ƶֱs conduct could be said to have engaged a public interest㽶Ƶֱmuch less an 㽶Ƶֱexceptional㽶Ƶֱ public interest 㽶Ƶֱ that had 㽶Ƶֱa 㽶Ƶֱsignificant and widespread societal impact㽶Ƶֱ outside of this local political context.㽶Ƶֱ
Kent accepted the city㽶Ƶֱs 㽶Ƶֱbenign intent of the bylaw amendments㽶Ƶֱ and found the petitioners㽶Ƶֱ claims of 㽶Ƶֱbad faith or an improper purpose㽶Ƶֱ hadn㽶Ƶֱt been proven in this 㽶Ƶֱrather unusual㽶Ƶֱ case.
While the city 㽶Ƶֱwas clearly not the successful party in this proceeding,㽶Ƶֱ the judge noted, the petitioners had 㽶Ƶֱappropriately sought judicial review of the Surrey Sign By-law amendments in the circumstances and obtained a remedy, albeit one that neither party anticipated㽶Ƶֱ and were 㽶Ƶֱthus the substantially successful litigants and are entitled to costs of the proceeding.㽶Ƶֱ